Abstract
Background
One of the ultimate goals of bariatric and metabolic surgery is to decrease cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. Obese individuals who smoke tobacco are at an increased risk
of cardiovascular events and may benefit the most by positive effects of bariatric
surgery on cardiometabolic risk factors. The safety profile of sleeve gastrectomy
in patients who smoke has not yet been characterized.
Objectives
To investigate the independent effect of smoking on early postoperative morbidity
and mortality of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
Setting
American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP)
database.
Methods
All patients undergoing primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from 2010 to 2014
were identified within the NSQIP database. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes for smokers,
defined as patients who smoked within the year before surgery, were compared with
nonsmokers.
Results
A total of 33,714 people underwent sleeve gastrectomy; 30,418 (90.2%) patients were
nonsmokers, whereas 3296 (9.8%) patients smoked within a year before surgery. Among
the 17 examined individual adverse events, patients who smoked were more likely to
experience an unplanned reintubation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88, 95% confidence interval
[CI]: 1.01–3.50). Patients in the smoking group were significantly more likely to
experience a composite morbidity event (4.3% versus 3.7%, P = .04), serious morbidity event (.9% versus .6%, P = .003), and 30-day mortality (0.2% versus .1%, P = .0004). The length of hospital stay, unplanned readmission, and readmission rates
were comparable between the 2 groups. These differences in the composite morbidity
event, serious morbidity event, and mortality persisted even when those patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, used as a surrogate for end-stage pulmonary
effects of smoking, were excluded from the analysis.
Conclusion
Sleeve gastrectomy is a well-tolerated procedure in nonsmokers and smokers. However,
patients who have smoked within a year before sleeve gastrectomy are at an increased,
albeit still very low, risk for 30-day morbidity and mortality compared with nonsmokers.
Additional studies are needed to determine if long-term improvement in co-morbidities
can offset this initial modest increased perioperative risk.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 08, 2017
Accepted:
February 26,
2017
Received:
December 19,
2016
Footnotes
☆ACS-NSQIP Disclaimer: The American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS-NSQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
